Article | REF: P1111 V2

BioMolecular Crystallography From phases determination to final structure

Author: Jean CAVARELLI

Publication date: December 10, 2018, Review date: October 23, 2020

You do not have access to this resource.
Click here to request your free trial access!

Already subscribed? Log in!


Overview

Français

ABSTRACT

Macromolecular X-ray crystallography is the method of choice for determining the structure of soluble biological samples at atomic resolution. This article deals with the determination of phases, an essential stage in biocrystallography, the construction and refinement of the crystal structure through the interpretation of electron density maps and the methods of structure validation. Thanks to technological and methodological advances, easy cases can now be solved with minimal human interventions, and difficult structures that would once have been elusive can now be addressed.

Read this article from a comprehensive knowledge base, updated and supplemented with articles reviewed by scientific committees.

Read the article

AUTHOR

  • Jean CAVARELLI: Professor of Structural Biology, - University of Strasbourg, - Department of Integrative Structural Biology, - IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104-Inserm U 1258, Strasbourg-Illkirch, France

 INTRODUCTION

The process of determining the structure of a biological macromolecule by crystal X-ray diffraction is generally divided schematically into six stages: obtaining the macromolecule in its pure state (or macromolecules in the case of assemblies), crystallization, collection of diffraction data, phasing, construction of the crystallographic structure by interpretation of electron density maps, refinement and validation of the structure. Purifying the macromolecule(s) and obtaining quality crystals (diffraction limit better than 3 Å) are the first two limiting steps in a structural project. These steps are described in the article [P 1 110] .

This article focuses on phase determination, the third major problem in biocrystallography, and quality control methods for the resulting structures. These steps are currently characterized by the use of sophisticated mathematical methods, implemented in increasingly automated and easy-to-use programs. The routine use of anomalous diffusion has revolutionized the problem of phases. In recent years, major methodological advances, accompanied by increasingly powerful computing resources now accessible on a personal computer, have made it possible, in simple cases, to rapidly solve a 3D structure from a very limited number of crystals, sometimes of very small sizes (a few micrometres), with a minimum of human intervention. All these advances enable structuralists to continually push back the limits of problems that can be solved using biocrystallography.

You do not have access to this resource.

Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!

You do not have access to this resource.
Click here to request your free trial access!

Already subscribed? Log in!


The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference

A Comprehensive Knowledge Base, with over 1,200 authors and 100 scientific advisors
+ More than 10,000 articles and 1,000 how-to sheets, over 800 new or updated articles every year
From design to prototyping, right through to industrialization, the reference for securing the development of your industrial projects

This article is included in

Bioprocesses and bioproductions

This offer includes:

Knowledge Base

Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees

Services

A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources

Practical Path

Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills

Doc & Quiz

Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading

Subscribe now!

Ongoing reading
Biocrystallography