Overview
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ABSTRACT
Innovation can also be applied to the packaging sector. Indeed, a given packaging product can be granted with legal protection. Two types of protection are in place; it may consist in copyrights within the framework of original creations of the mind or in industrial property rights where technical innovations have generated patents and operating licenses. Designs and models can also be granted with protection rights. Legal guidelines covering all these aspects are aimed at defining the protection perimeter of original packages provided they fulfill the required conditions. All infringements of intellectual property law, from counterfeiting to copying packages, are sanctioned by law.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Sylvain MARTIN: Lawyer at the Paris Court of Appeal
INTRODUCTION
When a designer or engineer designs or invents a packaging that shows a certain originality or even inventiveness, intellectual property can provide protection.
It is divided into two branches:
copyright, which concerns works of the mind;
industrial property, covering designs, patents and trademarks.
These two protection modes correspond to different logics:
copyright arises from the mere existence of a creation, no formalities being required for the recognition of rights in favor of the author;
the granting of industrial property rights is the result of administrative procedures leading to the issue of a title deed.
However, there are three points in common to all these protection methods:
ideas are "free range", i.e. they cannot be appropriated as such. The idea for a story must give rise to a screenplay, the idea for a new packaging handle must give rise to an original formalization, or an industrial application, for an intellectual property right to exist;
protection is only granted if certain conditions are met. Depending on the case, these may include originality, novelty or availability. However, if these conditions are not met, the unauthorized reproduction or use of packaging by a competitor, or any other person seeking to profit from a company's creativity, may give rise to compensation on the grounds of unfair or parasitic competition;
When deciding whether a product is counterfeit, judges look for similarities, not differences.
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Bibliography
Websites
• ADAGP – Society of Authors in the Graphic and Plastic Arts http://www.adagp.fr
• INPI – Institut national de la propriété industrielle http://www.inpi.fr
• Legifrance – A comprehensive site that also includes all judicial case law.
Regulations
See legal references in the article.
Patents
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Example of a packaging patent
Patent no. 0 179 571 issued on August 8, 1990, for a handle for a cardboard can holder.
The invention relates to an efficient and robust carrying handle for a cardboard can carrier, with the handle structure arranged in such a way that the mechanical strength and integrity of the cardboard walls are preserved, thus enabling...
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