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13. Virtual water and water footprint
The concept of virtual water was introduced in 1999 by J. Allan, and that of water footprint in 2002 by A. Hoekstra. Virtual water" or "water footprint" refers to the total quantity of freshwater required for agricultural or industrial production, or for a service.
The table at 28 shows some data for current products. These figures are worldwide averages.
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Virtual water and water footprint
Challenges for the future
Bibliography
Regulations
Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste water of May 21, 1991 (OJ L 135 of May 30, 1991).
Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 23, 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (Official Journal L 327 of December 22, 2000).
Law of January 3, 1992 on water (JORF n° 3 of January 4, 1992)....
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