5. Make-up water treatment and boiler water conditioning

5.1 External treatments or pre-treatments

Softening

Softening consists in replacing the alkaline-earth cations (calcium and magnesium) with the sodium cation. This replacement eliminates the risk of carbonate scale precipitation, as sodium carbonate is soluble, unlike calcium carbonate. This operation is carried out by passing the water through a strong cation exchange resin, regenerated in sodium form.

The water produced has a residual total hardness (TH) of less than 0.5 °f.

You do not have access to this resource.

Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!

Already subscribed? Log in!

The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference

A Comprehensive Knowledge Base, with over 1,200 authors and 100 scientific advisors

+ More than 10,000 articles and 1,000 how-to sheets, over 800 new or updated articles every year

From design to prototyping, right through to industrialization, the reference for securing the development of your industrial projects

This article is included in

Water technologies

This offer includes:

Knowledge Base

Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees

Services

A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources

Practical Path

Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills

Doc & Quiz

Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading

Ongoing reading
Make-up water treatment and boiler water conditioning

FDA

US514176 A patent, August 25, 1992

Method for mitigation of caustic corrosion in coordinated phosphate: pH treatment programs for boilers
US patent 5747342 A, May 5, 1998

Methods and apparatus for monitoring and controling pH phosphate and sodium ratio in boiler system operating with captive alkalinity