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1. Growth, innovation and obsolescence
1.1 Obsolescence risks linked to innovation
Growth has accelerated since the end of the 18th century, driven by successive waves of innovation that have led to major social and economic changes.
According to François Perroux, growth is "the sustained increase over one or more long periods of a dimensional indicator; for a nation, the net global product in real terms" . It was from the end of the 18th century in England that the growth rate took off in a significant way, unprecedented in the history of mankind. Since then, growth has been continuous, though with successive...
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Growth, innovation and obsolescence
Effects of a large-scale collaborative production system
Bibliography
Webography
Evolution of GDP China/United States-European Union 1970 to 2022 (current US$). World Bank national accounts data and OECD national accounts data files: https://donnees.banquemondiale.org/indicateur/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=CN-US-EU
USA-China deficit in 1985 and 2022, source Census...
Regulations
(Non-exhaustive list)
Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 8, 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (consolidated version as of February 1 er 2024). Also known as the "ROHS Directive".
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European...
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