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5. Solvent extraction
Continuous solvent extraction is a widely used technique for processing a wide range of products, particularly oleaginous materials. Extraction essentially involves washing the material with a suitable solvent, which circulates in the opposite direction to the material layer.
Fat solubilization is achieved by diffusion from the concentrated phase to the less concentrated phase. Molecular diffusion from the inside to the outside, the surface of the flakes in contact with the solvent and laminar diffusion from the surface to the moving solvent are the most important factors. The speed of extraction is limited by diffusion from the inside out, and depends directly on the internal structure of the cells, in particular the degree of wall destruction.
The oil is dissolved in the solvent and forms a miscella, which flows from the cakes (flakes,...
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Solvent extraction
Finished products
Economic data
Soybean market
The USA accounted for almost 41% of world soybean production in the crop years of the early 2000s. Average annual production was 74 million tonnes between 2000 and 2003 (table 1 ). The 2001-2002 harvest reached a record 78.7 million tonnes (table
Bibliography
Regulations
Commission Decision 96/281/EC of 3 April 1996 concerning the placing on the market of soybeans (Glycine max. L.) genetically modified for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate submitted in accordance with Council Directive 90/220/EEC. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 107, p. 10-11 (April 30, 1996).
Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 12, 2001...
Standards
American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS)
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Soybeans :
determination of protein content (%), AOCS method Ac 4-91 ;
determination of total oil content (%), AOCS method Ac 3-44 ;
moisture content...
Triturators, builders
These lists are not exhaustive.
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Soybean crushers
Archer Daniel Midlands (USA, South America, Europe, China) http://www.admworld.com
Bunge (United States, South America, Europe) http://www.bunge.com
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Organizations
Grain and Feed Trade Association (GAFTA) http://www.gafta.com
Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Associations (FOSFA) http://www.fosfa.org
Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) http://www.cbot.com
...
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