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2. Principles of defect detection. Different NDT techniques
2.1 Heterogeneities and defects
The term "defect" is ambiguous, relative and imprecise, but its negative connotation is a good illustration of the role played by non-destructive testing in the quest for quality. In fact, to detect a defect in a part is, in physical terms, to highlight a heterogeneity of material, a local variation in physical or chemical properties detrimental to its proper use. Having said that, we usually classify defects into two main categories according to their location: surface defects and internal defects.
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Surface defects, accessible to direct observation but not always visible to the naked eye, can be classified into two distinct categories: point defects and appearance defects.
The first...
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Principles of defect detection. Different NDT techniques
Optical processes
Bibliography
References
Optics
Thesis
- - http://www.sudoc.abes.fr
- LIEBEAUX (N.) - Contribution à la modélisation de capteurs electromagnétiques : Application au contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault. - Université de Paris-Sud (2002)....
Standardization
French standards
Association française de normalisation AFNOR http://www.boutique.afnor.fr
Non-destructive testing. Recueil AFNOR 2003.
- Essais non destructifs - Qualification et certification du personnel END - Principes généraux. - NF EN 473 - 12.00
Penetrant testing
- Essais non destructifs - Examen par ressuage - Partie 1 : principes généraux. (A09-120) - NF EN 571-1...
Organizations
COFREND Confédération française pour les essais non destructifs. - http://www.cofrend.com
The American Society of non-destructive techniques. - http://www.asnt.org
Radiation protection regulations
Decree 2003-296 of March 31, 2003 on the protection of workers against the dangers of ionizing radiation.
Decree 2002-460 of April 4, 2002 on the general protection of people against the dangers of ionizing radiation.
Decree 2001-215 of March 8, 2001 amending Decree 66-450 of June 20, 1966 on the general principles of protection against ionizing radiation....
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