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ABSTRACT
Theoretical and statutory aspects were covered in a previous paper entitled "Magnétoscopie - Aspects théoriques et réglementaires". This paper describes the means for generating a magnetic field, materials for magnetic particle testing, operating techniques, the sequence of operations, implementation of the equipment, checking, the limits of use of magnetic particle testing, the main industrial uses, future prospects and possible technological developments.
Read this article from a comprehensive knowledge base, updated and supplemented with articles reviewed by scientific committees.
Read the articleAUTHORS
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Stéphane GRAVELEAU: Graduate engineer from École supérieure d'électronique de l'Ouest - Technical Director and Contromag Product Manager, SREM Technologies, La Flèche, France
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Pierre CHEMIN: European graduate engineer from the École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique in Bordeaux (France) - Former penetrant and magnetic particle testing Product Manager, Société française d'électrophysique (Sofranel), Sartrouville, France - Bachelor of Science
INTRODUCTION
Introduced in 1922, magnetic particle testing is constantly being developed to increase the probability of detecting discontinuities, and to improve health, safety and environmental protection conditions. Magnetic testing products, accessories and equipment are constantly being perfected to achieve the highest levels of performance, while taking into account operators' concerns in terms of ergonomics.
Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is the non-destructive testing (NDT) method par excellence, used to detect and locate surface and underlying (near-surface) discontinuities on ferromagnetic alloys.
It is used in all industrial sectors, virtually anywhere, including underwater, on site or in the workshop, in manufacturing or maintenance. Like all NDT methods, MT has its own limitations.
Despite its undeniable advantages, MT does not always enjoy a very good image. It suffers in comparison with other, more recent NDT methods, such as ultrasonic and eddy current testing, which are often complementary to it, but give a more noble image and are less painful for operators. Two of the criticisms often levelled at MT are the use of chemicals and the exposure of operators to ultraviolet radiation (or actinic blue light) and magnetic fields. However, if regulations on conditions of use and effluent treatment are followed, operators' health and the environment are protected, and MT remains a reliable, fast and cost-effective NDT method for inspecting parts and structures for safety.
This article deals with the practical aspects of magnetic particle testing. It is aimed at all users and anyone wishing to discover or learn more about this proven NDT method.
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KEYWORDS
Open-to-surface discontinuities | Magnetic field | Magnetizing currents | Detection media | Non-destructive Testing
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Bibliography
- (1) - Logiciel Finite Element Method Magnetic (FEMM). - https://www.femm.info/wiki/HomePage .
- (2) - ITO (F.), NISHIMURA (A.) - Fabrication of micro capsule containing...
Websites
NDT Resource Center, Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, Introduction to Magnetic Particle Inspection:
https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/cc_mpi_index.htm
CHEMIN Pierre and DUBOSC...
Events
COFREND Days (French Confederation for Non-Destructive Testing) take place every three years in a French city chosen by COFREND. Those celebrating COFREND's 50th anniversary took place from May 30 to 1 er June 2017 at the Palais des Congrès in Strasbourg. The COFREND 2020 Days were cancelled due to the health and economic context, which had a strong impact on event activities in France....
Standards and norms
- Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 1: List of general terms - EN 1330-1 - 2015
- Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods - EN 1330-2 - 1999
- Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing – Vocabulary - ISO 12707 - 2016
- Non-destructive testing – Magnetic particle testing – Part 1: General principles - ISO 9934-1 - 2017 ...
Regulations
Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (Official Journal of the European Union 167 of August 16, 1967).
Directive 2004/42/EC of April 21, 2004 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain...
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Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Carmelec :
Sofranel:
Srem Technologies:
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