Article | REF: R6280 V1

Lasers: principles, applications and energy measurements

Authors: Costel SUBRAN, Jean SAGAUT, Sophie LAPOINTE

Publication date: December 10, 2009

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1. Laser principles

The laser is an optical oscillator, and every laser therefore consists of the three basic elements of an oscillator:

  • an amplifying medium supplied with energy by an external source ;

  • a positive feedback, allowing the amplified energy to be reinjected into the amplifying medium;

  • and a coupling of the energy generated in the amplifying medium to the outside.

1.1 Amplifying medium

  • Absorption

    An ordinary material, even a transparent one, always absorbs light to a greater or lesser extent. The atoms or molecules making up the material absorb the incident...

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