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7. Conclusion
Biological tissues are mainly composed of water, and are transparent. The development of contrast methods based on index gradients (phase contrast, Nomarski contrast, Hoffmann contrast) has enabled progress to be made. Cytological analysis only developed with chemical and then immunochemical dyes. Fluorescence microscopy brought about a revolution by enabling targeted structures to be observed against a dark background. Different-colored probes reveal their quantities, positions and interactions. New approaches make it possible to image right down to the single molecule.
Fluorescence microscopy is currently being combined with other techniques:
with electron microscopy for resolution down to the nanometric level;
with "dual" probes for NMR or MRI, which enable us to scale up to the...
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Conclusion
Glossary – Definitions
Bibliography
Software tools
Image capture and peripheral control
Metamorph http://www.moleculardevices.comcom/Products/Software/Meta-Imaging-Series/MetaMorph.html
Peripheral control
Websites
A wealth of information about microscopy can be found on the website published by the Federal University of Florida. http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/
Historical and review articles on light microscopy from the journal Nature http://www.nature.com/milestones/light-microscopy
...Events
Thematic school on functional microscopy in biology http://www.mifobio.fr/
Directory
Manufacturers – Microscopes (non-exhaustive list)
Leica http://www.leica-microsystems.com/
Nikon http://www.nikoninstruments.com/
Olympus http://www.olympusmicro.com/
...
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