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Stéphane DURAND: Lecturer at the École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs du Mans, - Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine – UMR CNRS 6613
INTRODUCTION
Once reserved for engineering applications (vibration studies) or inertial navigation, accelerometers have entered our everyday lives with the development of miniature sensors that can be produced in large quantities using technologies analogous to those used for the production of integrated circuits. The first "consumer" application to make an impact was probably the "airbag" in the automotive industry, for which an accelerometer integrated on a silicon chip (a 5-euro sensor) made it possible to market a complete system costing several hundred euros. Miniature linear acceleration and angular velocity sensors have since made their appearance in the inertial units of portable GPS navigation systems (miniature inertial units ensure GPS positioning when satellites are temporarily no longer visible, e.g. in a road tunnel), in automobiles, where they are crucial components of road-holding assistance systems (ABS, ESP, etc.), but also in the medical field (inertial sensors for the medical sector).), as well as the medical sector (pacemaker control), washing machines (helping to balance laundry in the drum before spinning to minimize vibrations), etc.
The accelerometers presented in this dossier cover these different applications. After a brief reminder of some of the physics involved in measuring acceleration, various classifications of accelerometers (linear acceleration measurement) are presented and then described in detail. A final paragraph deals specifically with angular velocity measurement (gyrometers).
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Acceleration measures
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References
Websites
Analog Devices http://www.analog.com/
PCB Piezotronics http://www.pcb.com/
EIB Technologies http://www.bei-tech.com/
Standards
French Standards Association (AFNOR) http://www.afnor.org/
- Étalonnage des accéléromètres ou chaînes accélérométriques dans la gamme des moyennes fréquences. - E90-150 - 06-81
- Accelerometer calibration – Continuous calibration. - E90-151 - 06-81
- Methods for calibrating vibration and shock sensors – Part 1: primary vibration calibration with laser interferometer. - E90-350-1 - 07-94
- Methods for calibrating...
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Organizations
Institut FEMTO-ST (Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique Thermique et Optique – Sciences et Technologies)/Laboratoire de Physique et Métrologie des Oscillateurs, Besançon
ESIEE École supérieure d'ingénieurs des sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication, Noisy Champs, France
Patents
US5567880: YOKOTA YOSHIHIRO (JP), NAITO SHOTARO (JP). – Semiconductor accelerometer. HITACHI LTD (JP).
US5392651: SUZUKI SEIKO (JP), TSUCHITANI SHIGEKI (JP). – Capacitance type accelerometer. HITACHI LTD (JP).
US5243861: KLOECK BENJAMIN (JP), SUZUKI SEIKO (JP). – Capacitive type semiconductor accelerometer. HITACHI LTD (JP), HITACHI AUTOMOTIVE ENG (JP).
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