Overview
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Jean-François JANIN: Engineer General of Bridges, Waterways and Forests - Head of the Intelligent Transport Mission, Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy
INTRODUCTION
The aim is to describe the integration of information and communication technologies in the transport sector. This is leading to changes in the organization and use of vehicles and infrastructure, and to new, "intelligent" modes of transport. In France, the transport sector employs over a million people, and accounts for 18% of GDP (€350 billion), around half of which is spent by households. Public authorities spend €30 billion a year on infrastructure maintenance and construction, and on operating the transport systems they manage .
In the absence of a precise study on the economics of intelligent transport, which has yet to be carried out, it is worth noting that the National Industry Conference, which brings together representatives of the major professional sectors, states in its report for 2011 that "digital technology accounts for more than a quarter of growth in France and 40% of productivity gains in the economy". Ensuring that the world of transport and the world of IT, automation and telecommunications are properly linked is therefore a very important and urgent issue. Indeed, the transport sector is finding it extremely difficult to meet mobility needs with acceptable levels of safety, punctuality and comfort, while keeping costs, energy consumption, pollution emissions and nuisances under control. We need to take advantage of the rapid evolution of digital technologies and the relative fall in their costs to make current modes of transport more efficient and to renew their uses (see box on self-service bicycles and car-sharing).
The first Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) were developed to facilitate infrastructure management (centralized management of traffic light junctions) and metro operations (automation). Public policies, notably for infrastructure financing and road safety, have already made extensive use of ITS. Today's innovations focus mainly on uses and comparisons between different ways of making journeys (multimodality), shifting them in time or even avoiding them (mobility management).
Two aspects of these systems are complementary and need to be dealt with in parallel: a technical aspect and an organizational aspect. As in the theater, the term "actor" is used to designate those who "play a role" in the world of transport. These roles are defined by national and international legal texts, which set out the responsibilities of each actor and enable them to insure themselves against...
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Intelligent transport systems
Bibliography
- (1) - - Comptes des transports en 2001, p. 28-30 http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/publications/p/1938/873/comptes-transports-2011.html
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Software tools
ACTIF, support for the design of interoperable transport systems in France http://www.its-actif.org/
CHOUETTE is an open-source software package developed on the initiative of the French Ministry of Transport, to facilitate the exchange of (theoretical) public transport (PT) supply data, based on the NFP 99506 standard, known...
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Standards and norms
- Sur la communication à courte portée utilisée en billettique (13,56 MHz) - ISO/CEI 14443-1 à ISO/CEI 14443-4 -
- Sur l'interface et le protocole de communication entre deux objets utilisant la communication à courte portée Near Field Communication (NFC) - ISO/CEI 18092 -
Regulations
Directive 2010/40/EU of July 7, 2010, on the framework for the deployment of intelligent transport systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport.
Ordinance no. 2012-809 of June 13, 2012 on intelligent transport systems, which transposes the Directive, was published in the OJ on June 14, 2012.
Directory
Organizations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
ATEC – ITS-France, an association under the French law of 1901 which brings together public and private players in ITS. Working groups, technical days, ATEXPO annual conference, TEC newsletter http://www.atec-itsfrance.net
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