6. Economic aspects

To understand the economic aspects, we need to look at the three dimensions of this sector: fuel cell system components, fuelling stations, hydrogen production and the full cost of using these vehicles.

6.1 Fuel cell system costs

The cost of a fuel cell system can be broken down into different sub-assemblies: the cell, which is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) consisting of the membrane and bipolar plates covered with its catalyst; the auxiliaries; and the hydrogen tank with its associated protection and distribution systems. These costs are linked to both materials and manufacturing processes. Figure 35 shows the...

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State commitments

Bibliography

(1) - GRIMES (P.G.) - Historic pathways for fuel cells – The new electric century. - IEEE AES Systems Magazine, p. 7-10 (2000).
(2) - MOND (L.), LANGER (C.) - A new form of gas battery. - Phil. Mag., vol. 46, p. 296-304 (1889)....

Standards and norms

Hydrogen fuel – Product specification – Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles. - ISO/TS 14687-2 - 2012
Hydrogen gas and hydrogen gas mixtures – Fuel tanks for land vehicles. - ISO/TS 15869 - 2009
Considérations fondamentales pour la sécurité des systèmes à l'hydrogène. - ISO/TR 15916 - 2004
Transportable gas storage devices – Hydrogen absorbed in a reversible...

Regulations

In addition to the traditional type-approval rules for combustion-powered vehicles and the rules relating to the electrification of the propulsion system, fuel cell vehicles are subject to specific European regulations, such as EC 79/2009 and its implementing directive 406/2010. These two regulations require proof of the hydrogen system's operational safety. They also require "type-approval" for the most sensitive components...