Overview
Français
ABSTRACT
This article sheds light on interlayers used in the production of laminated glass for building applications. The chemistry of interlayers and the characterization of their physical, mechanical and viscoelastic properties allow for better comprehension and apprehension of the behavior and performances of laminated glass. Although the PVB films (PolyVinylButyral) are well known and the most prescribed globally, there exists several types of interlayers (PVB or not) whose characterizations will be revealed in this article.
Read this article from a comprehensive knowledge base, updated and supplemented with articles reviewed by scientific committees.
Read the articleAUTHOR
-
Gérard SAVINEAU: Dr. in physics and chemistry - Expert laminated glass
INTRODUCTION
Glass is often perceived as fragile, brittle and transparent. It protects against natural elements such as rain and wind. However, in the event of an accidental contact with glass (direct impact, slip, fall, crowd movement...), natural or industrial disasters (hurricanes, earthquakes, factory explosion...) or worse, criminal acts (terrorist bombing, armed robbery, burglary, vandalism...), ordinary glass is of little use and even increases the risk of injury and death.
The concept of "unbreakable", i.e. safety glass, was born in the late 1800s and early 1900s, leading to the manufacture of tempered glass (Alfred de la Bastie-1874, Victor de Lyunes-1875) and laminated glass (Charles Wade-1899, Benedictus-1903 and Wood-1905). Interlayers for laminated glass were first developed to meet the needs of the automotive industry (windshield manufacture), before finding other commercial outlets in the building market and more recently in the photovoltaic and structural glass markets.
In this article, we will deal only with the interlayers used to manufacture laminated glass and laminated safety glass for the building market: PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), Ionoplast, TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) and CIP (casting resins).
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
KEYWORDS
EVA | PVB | Cast-In-Place | TPU | Ionoplast | laminated safety glass | photovoltaic | safety
This article is included in
Glasses and ceramics
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Spacers for laminated glass
Chemistry and production of PVB interlayers for laminated glass
Bibliography
Software tools
Abaqus 2008, FEM (Finite Element Analysis), Abaqus, Inc. – Abaqus version 6.8-1. Manuals, 2008
COSMOS /M2.0, FEM (Finite Element Analysis), Advanced Modules (1998)
SJ Mepla version 3.5.8 – (Finite Element Analysis), Software for Structural Glass Design-2012
Events
Dusseldorf Glass Fair + "Engineered Transparency" (Glasstec 2012 – Germany – Every even-numbered year in October
Equip'Baie Paris – Every year in mid-November
Glass Performance Days (GPD 2013 – Tampere, Finland) every odd-numbered year in June
Standards and norms
- Glass in construction – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Determination of mechanical properties of spacers (CEN: 2012) - prEN vwxyz - 2012
- Glass in construction – Determining glass strength – Part 3: General method of calculation and determination of glass strength by testing (CEN: 2012) - prEN13474-3 - 2012
- Glass in construction – Laminated glass (Part 3) and laminated safety glass – Part 2...
Regulations
Eurocode EN 1990: Basis of Structural Design
Enrocode EN 1991: Actions on Structures
Patents
John Crewe Wood: UK Patent no. 9972; AD 1905; "Improvements in or Connected with Glass Screens, Windows, and the like for Motor Cars and other Vehicles – Date of Application 11/05/1905, Accepted, 07/12/2005
John Crewe Wood: France Patent no. 356.076. for Transport on roads – Automobilisme: "Kind of glass or transparent screen, made of glass, for automobiles and other vehicles on roads or rails" – Applied...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
1. Manufacturers of PVB resins and films for the building and photovoltaic markets:
Eastman (ex-Solutia) - Saflex ® http://www.saflex.com/en/Default.aspx
Sekisui – S-LEC ®...
Statistical and economic data
Interlayer market figures
Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) remains the undisputed leader in laminated safety glass applications for building applications (>90%) and automotive windscreens (100%). This represents worldwide consumption of between 120 and 140 million m 2 for building applications and 140 to 170 million m 2...
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
