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5. Wear and tear on refractory ceramics
The first wear factor to consider is the temperature at which the refractory ceramic is used. However, a refractory ceramic will not only withstand high temperatures, but also many other stresses that affect its service life :
chemical attack by liquid oxides, molten salts, molten metals and gases. Liquid oxides are particularly corrosive. Examples include glass produced in glass furnaces, and iron and steel slag that floats to the surface of molten steel and cast-iron baths. Oxygen in the air is particularly aggressive towards non-oxide refractories such as silicon carbide. Certain metal vapors are also aggressive...
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Wear and tear on refractory ceramics
Refractory lining design and installation
Bibliography
Digital media
Scientific film: Sugar and Caramel, New Energies and High Temperatures
Video documentary edited by CEMHTI/CNRS, directed by Ph. Claire, released in March 2013.
Events
Unified International technical Conference on Refractories (Unitecr′)
Conference of the European Ceramic Society
International Colloquium on Refractories, Aachen, Germany
Standards and norms
- Refractory products – Determination of pyroscopic resistance - ISO 528 - 1983
- Terminologie des matériaux réfractaires - ISO 836 - 2001
- Dense shaped refractory products – Determination of the permanent dimensional change under the action of heat - ISO 2478 - 1987
- Refractory products – Determination of compressive creep - ISO 3187 - 1989
- Refractory products – Determination of flexural modulus...
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