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ABSTRACT
Increasing energy demands and depletion of fossil fuels have added new importance to hydrogen as an interesting alternative energy carrier. Hydrogen technology not only includes the production and conversion of hydrogen but also its storage and transportation. This article reviews the materials involved in these two stages. In order that the deployment of the hydrogen economy is carried out under conditions respecting the environment, the specifications and selection of these materials must be taken seriously.
Read this article from a comprehensive knowledge base, updated and supplemented with articles reviewed by scientific committees.
Read the articleAUTHORS
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Florence LEFEBVRE-JOUD: Research engineer CEA LITEN
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Laurent BRIOTTET: Research engineer CEA LITEN
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Olivier GILLIA: Research engineer CEA LITEN
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Fabien Nony: Research engineer CEA DAM Le Ripault
INTRODUCTION
Following a first part devoted to materials involved in hydrogen production and conversion, this second part focuses on materials used for hydrogen transport and storage.
Hydrogen is already commonly stored in hyperbaric cylinders and transported in pipeline networks for applications in the chemical, steel and petrochemical industries. However, its deployment in the context of an environmentally-friendly hydrogen economy significantly alters the specifications of these two stages. The cost of transporting and distributing hydrogen is still too high, while the volume capacity of hydrogen tanks is a major technological obstacle to its use as an automotive fuel.
The specific requirements of each of these two applications are reviewed, and the selected materials, their main properties and their application are introduced. Finally, the current challenges specific to the various materials and applications are presented.
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Hydrogen materials
Specifications for hydrogen transport and storage materials
Bibliography
Websites
Hydride database
Acthyf research group http://www.gdr-acthyf.cnrs.fr
European STORHY project http://www.storhy.net
European NESSHY project http://www.nesshy.net
...Event
World Hydrogen Energy Conference http://www.whec2010.com
Standards and norms
- Considération fondamentale pour la sécurité des systèmes à l'hydrogène - ISO/TR 15916 - 2004
- Transportable gas storage devices – Hydrogen absorbed in a reversible metal hydride - ISO 16111 - 2008
- Transportable gas cylinders – compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents – Part 4: Test methods for the selection of metallic materials resistant to hydrogen embrittlement - ISO 11114-4 - 2005
Regulations
Regulations on the use of hydrogen, risk of explosive atmosphere: European Directive 1999/92/EC.
Patents
Patent P. CAPRON "Material for generating hydrogen by hydrolysis of a borohydride, process for producing such a material and fuel cell using such a material", FR 2 892 111.
Patent D. FRUCHARD "Nanocrystalline composite for storage of hydrogen", WO 2007/125253.
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Electric horizontal injection molding machines Arburg SAS Hawaii distributed by Arburg France http://www.arburg.fr
Manufacture of PERSICO rotational molding machines, Bergamo Italy http://www.persico.com/
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