5. Post-processing
Post-treatment of solid copper or copper cladding can be decorative (coloring, patinas) or technical (protection of the manufactured object).
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Until the last decade, the technical purpose of post-treatment of copper coatings was to provide temporary protection against part degradation, using passivates based on hexavalent chromium or copper corrosion inhibitors (benzotriazole). Today's functional post-treatments concern the industrial sector of printed circuit boards with, for example, the application of organometallic conversion coatings or coatings containing compounds with a cationic group - C = N + [US 005 85 8074A].
One such process involves forming a copper(II)-based organometallic conversion on the copper coating of a printed circuit board, then converting said layer...
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Post-processing
Defrosting
Bibliography
Websites
Legifrance
Ademe
Water Agency
Standards and norms
The AFNOR catalog can be consulted online: http://www.afnor.fr
- Standard Practice for Locating the Thinnest Spot in a Zinc (Galvanized) Coating on Iron or Steel Articles (http://www.astm.org/Standards/A239.htm). - ASTM A239 -
Regulations
Arrêté du 30 juin 2006 relatif aux installations de traitements de surfaces soumises à autorisation au titre de la rubrique 2565 de la nomenclature des installations classées – JORF n° 205 du 5 septembre 2006.
European RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC) – Restriction of use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment –
Patents
Post-treatment of copper on printed circuit boards, EP1097618 B1 (March 2003).
Organic solderability preservative compositions, US 005 85 8074A (July 1997).
Directory
European Copper Institute :
International Copper Association :
International Copper Study Group (ICSG):
...Statistical and economic data
Copper has a long history of use, and today it plays a key role in industrial development. Copper deposits are found all over the world, but the largest reserves are in China and the USA. The annual production capacities of the main mines (as of July 2014) are shown in table
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