Overview
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Jean-Louis CAILLERIE: Metallurgical engineer from the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) - Lead Sales Department Manager - Metaleurop France
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François WILMOTTE: Metallurgical engineer from the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) - Director, Lead Information Center
INTRODUCTION
Lead and its alloys are among the oldest metallic materials known and used. Although lead is not found in its native state, it is easily extracted from its ores. Easy to melt or work by deformation, it was already in use several millennia ago, as evidenced by the corrosion-proof objects that have come down to us.
World production of refined lead is around 5 million tonnes a year. In 1990, 260,000 t of lead were produced in France, including 136,800 t from ores (1 re smelting) and 123,200 t from recovered lead materials (2nd smelting).
Industrial production processes are described in the article on lead metallurgy
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Studies and properties of metals
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Lead and lead alloys
Bibliography
Organizations
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium http://www.alabc.org
Batteries International https://www.batteriesinternational.com/
Standardization
French Standards Association (Afnor)
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