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1. The Earth as a source of heat
The history of geothermal energy is closely linked to that of the creation of the Earth and its gradual changes. Our planet has undergone extraordinary metamorphoses, especially in the first part of its formation. It was during this period that the Earth gradually structured itself into different concentric spherical layers.
All the obvious manifestations of our planet's thermal energy (volcanoes, fumaroles, hot springs, etc.) were known to our distant ancestors, and the earliest uses of geothermal energy are lost in the mists of time: hot springs for their curative virtues, cooking and drying food thanks to fumaroles, mining thermal springs to recover boric acid and extracting sulfur and salt.
However, all these applications remained on an extremely modest scale, and it wasn't until the early 20th century...
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The Earth as a source of heat
Geothermal deposits and resources
Bibliography
Reference
- (1) - LINDAL (B.) - Industrial and other applications of geothermal energy. Dans Geothermal Energy, a review of research and development. - Earth Sciences, 12, UNESCO, Paris (1973).
Works
Trade press
The CITEG newsletter (quarterly) ADEME, BRGM
L'Énergie du Sous-sol, Geothermal energy in the Paris Region (quarterly), ADEME, ARENE, BRGM
Solar systems (bimonthly)
Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin (United States)
IGA News (international)
Geo Heat Center Quartely Bulletin (United States)
...Audiovisual resources
Geothermal energy in the Paris Region and Semhach (video)
Co-producers: ADEME, AGéMO, ARENE IDF and BRGM
Line producers: SEMHACH
Executive production: Un coin de Paradis, Capa Entreprise (January 2006)
Bouillante geothermal energy (video)
Executive production: Sycomore Films
...
Internet portals
Geothermal perspectives (ADEME, BRGM) http://www.geothermie-perspectives.fr
Renewable energies http://www.energies-renouvelables.org
Regulations
Decree 78-498 of March 28, 1978 on geothermal exploration and exploitation permits.
Main operations
The main geothermal operations in service in 2004 are summarized in table for the Paris Basin and table for the Aquitaine Basin.
Organizations
French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) http://www.ademe.fr
French Geological and Mining Research Bureau (BRGM) http://www. brgm.fr
SAF Environnement (manager of the geothermal guarantee fund on behalf of ADEME)
...
Design offices
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Basement
ANTEA http://www.antea-ingenierie.fr
Archambault Conseil http://www.archambault-conseil.fr
BURGÉAP http://www.burgeap.fr
...
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