7. Glossary

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Anglicism commonly used instead of LED (Light Emitting Diode).

chip on board

Surface-mounted LEDs in integrated chip arrays (COB) for improved heat dissipation.

LiFi (light fidelity)

Wireless communication technology based on visible light, with wavelengths between 480 nm (670 THz, blue-green) and 650 nm (460 THz, orange-red).

bonding

A wire (usually gold) is used to interconnect a chip (or, more generally, an integrated circuit) to its packaging during semiconductor device manufacturing. However, this technology entails increased risks of failure (wire breakage/melting or disbonding), and the pressure of the wire on the crystal can also lead to cracking of the junction, ultimately resulting...

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Symbols

Bibliography

(1) - ROUND (H.J.) - A note on carborundum electrical world. - 49, p. 309 (1907).
(2) - LOSEV (O.V.) - Optical relay. - Patent n° 12191, février 1927.
(3)...

Standards and norms

Definitions and characteristics

General lighting – Light-emitting diode (LED) products and related equipment – Terms and definitions – Modified by NF EN 62504/A1 (May 2018) - NF EN 62504 - 12-14
Light and lighting – Measuring and presenting photometric data for lamps and luminaires – Part 4: LED lamps, modules and luminaires - NF EN 13032-4+A1 - 06-15

Safety requirements...

Regulations

Key regulations on environmental performance and eco-design

Regulation (EU) No 1194/2012 of December 12, 2012 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for directed lamps, light-emitting diode lamps and related equipment, amended

Regulation No 1428/2015 of August 25, 2015 amending Commission Regulation...