5. A few innovations

Since 2015, innovations in LED chips have become increasingly rare.

Although in 2017, Cree announced XLamp XP-G3 Royal Blue, an LED with an overall energy efficiency of 81% , LED performance is stabilizing. So, when it comes to the evolution of luminous efficacy of white phosphor LEDs (pc-LEDs), the main limitation is the efficiency of the phosphor conversion. Today, for a luminophore at 3,000 K and CRI 80, the theoretical limit is around 265 lm · W ^–1 , and the theoretical limit for a mixture of narrower-spectrum luminophores is around 310 lm · W ^–1 . The...

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A few innovations

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Conclusion

Bibliography

(1) - ROUND (H.J.) - A note on carborundum electrical world. - 49, p. 309 (1907).
(2) - LOSEV (O.V.) - Optical relay. - Patent n° 12191, février 1927.
(3)...

Standards and norms

Definitions and characteristics

General lighting – Light-emitting diode (LED) products and related equipment – Terms and definitions – Modified by NF EN 62504/A1 (May 2018) - NF EN 62504 - 12-14
Light and lighting – Measuring and presenting photometric data for lamps and luminaires – Part 4: LED lamps, modules and luminaires - NF EN 13032-4+A1 - 06-15

Safety requirements...

Regulations

Key regulations on environmental performance and eco-design

Regulation (EU) No 1194/2012 of December 12, 2012 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for directed lamps, light-emitting diode lamps and related equipment, amended

Regulation No 1428/2015 of August 25, 2015 amending Commission Regulation...