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3. Non-linear sources of distortion
If optical systems were limited only by the aforementioned linear effects, we could imagine connecting every point on the globe without any difficulty other than the availability of sufficient optical power. Unfortunately, there are physical phenomena that stand in the way of an increase in power in the fiber, and therefore of an unlimited increase in distance. These are non-linear optical effects. These effects are unique in that they are distributed along fiber cables. As such, they are specific to optical systems and are the main obstacle to the introduction of many tried-and-tested recipes in other fields of telecommunications. Because the optical beam in a fiber is guided in a core with a very small surface area (50 to 100 μm 2 ), and the distances involved can reach several hundred kilometers, the fiber's refractive index becomes significantly...
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Non-linear sources of distortion
Determining the operating conditions of an optical system
Bibliography
Software tools
Optilux, free software for simulating optical transmission systems http://www.optilux.sourceforge.net/
VPI transmission Maker™, software suite for the simulation of optical components and systems, published by VPI photonics http://www.vpiphotonics.com/
...Websites
Jean-Michel Jonathan, lecture at Institut d'Optique GraduateSchool ParisTech, Guided wave optics http://paristech.institutoptique.fr/index.php?domaine=149
Events
Optical Fiber Communications Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), an international conference held annually in the United States. http://www.ofcconference.org
European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) is an international conference held every September in a different European country....
Standards and norms
- National Telecommunications Union http://www.itu.int/ - ITU -
- Interfaces for optical transport networks (OTN) http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.709/fr - ITU-T G.709 -
- Spectral grids for wavelength-division multiplexing applications: DWDM dense grid http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.694.1/fr - ITU-T G.694.1 -
- Characteristics of single-mode optical cables and fibers http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.652/fr...
Regulations
French regulatory authority for electronic communications and posts, ARCEP http://www.arcep.fr/
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Alcatel-Lucent http://www.alcatel-lucent.com
Ciena http://www.ciena.fr/
Cisco Systems http://www.cisco.fr
...
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