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7. Conclusion and outlook
The global Internet has become such an integral part of modern society that it's almost easy to forget that, in human history, it was born only yesterday. Although invisible to users, optical transmission systems form the backbone of the network, and have played a key role in its fantastic development. In this dossier, we review the technological building blocks that enable the construction of such systems, and describe the interactions between them. We recalled the recent but real decline in the rate of growth in the capacity of these systems. Technological revolutions are needed to take up the slack. Mode multiplexing and broadband amplification are among the most promising.
Readers may wish to extend this study with the article devoted more specifically to submarine cables
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Conclusion and outlook
Bibliography
Software tools
Optilux, free software for simulating optical transmission systems http://www.optilux.sourceforge.net/
VPI transmission Maker™, software suite for the simulation of optical components and systems, published by VPI photonics http://www.vpiphotonics.com/
...Websites
Jean-Michel Jonathan, lecture at Institut d'Optique GraduateSchool ParisTech, Guided wave optics http://paristech.institutoptique.fr/index.php?domaine=149
Events
Optical Fiber Communications Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), an international conference held annually in the United States. http://www.ofcconference.org
European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) is an international conference held every September in a different European country....
Standards and norms
- National Telecommunications Union http://www.itu.int/ - ITU -
- Interfaces for optical transport networks (OTN) http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.709/fr - ITU-T G.709 -
- Spectral grids for wavelength-division multiplexing applications: DWDM dense grid http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.694.1/fr - ITU-T G.694.1 -
- Characteristics of single-mode optical cables and fibers http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.652/fr...
Regulations
French regulatory authority for electronic communications and posts, ARCEP http://www.arcep.fr/
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Alcatel-Lucent http://www.alcatel-lucent.com
Ciena http://www.ciena.fr/
Cisco Systems http://www.cisco.fr
...
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