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3. Formulation-composition cards
As we shall see later, emulsions are memory systems, whose properties often depend on the way they have been prepared. For example, two emulsions with exactly the same formulation and composition can have very different properties (type, viscosity, stability).
To avoid this complication, we'll start by considering emulsions obtained by stirring pre-equilibrium W/O/W systems. In this case, there is no transfer of chemical species between phases, and the emulsified system differs from the same system at equilibrium only by an increase in the W/O interfacial area. In practice, the S/H/E system is left at rest at constant temperature for one or two days, so that equilibrium can be achieved by simple diffusion of species. The phase behavior of the equilibrium system can then be observed. To speed up the process, it is preferable to place the surfactant and any cosurfactant...
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Formulation-composition cards
References
Emulsifying an epoxy resin
For the past decade, water-emulsified resins have been replacing resins dissolved in volatile organic solvents. This is the case for epoxy resins, which cannot easily be prepared in latex form by emulsion polymerization. Epoxy-bisphenol A resins have a high viscosity (100 Pa · s at 70 ˚C) which makes it virtually impossible to emulsify them in water by means of strong agitation. As with alkyd, polyurethane or...
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference