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3. Glass and metal cleaning
Glass is a non-crystalline (amorphous) solid in a particular physical state of matter called the vitreous state. It is made up of over 60% silicon oxide (SiO 2 silica), introduced in the form of sand, sodium oxide supplied by carbonate and serving as a flux that facilitates the melting of the material at around 1,500°C instead of 1,800°C, and alkaline earth in the form of lime or dolomite (natural double oxide of calcium and magnesium). A conventional glass, known as soda-lime glass, may contain, for example, 76% silica, 12% soda and 12% lime. Specific additives can also be incorporated to give the glass particular properties. For example, borosilicate glasses such as Pyrex ® contain boric anhydride (B 2 O 3 ...
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Glass and metal cleaning
Conclusion
Bibliography
Read also in our document bases
From Éditions T.I. In Techniques de l'Ingénieur
NARDELLO-RATAJ (V.) and HOTAN TAÏ (L.). – Detergent formulation. Textile care products . Formulation" documentary database (2006).
MARCOU (L.). – Alkylbenzenesculfonates . Opérations unitaires. Chemical reaction engineering" (1998).
BOGNOLO (G.). – Non-ionic surfactants....
Statistical and economic data
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Hand dishwashing products
The first hand dishwashing products were developed in the late 1940s. They mainly contained alkylphenol ethoxylates. The first anionic foaming ingredients were introduced into formulas in the early 1950s.
Today, the market share of these products varies widely between developing and developed countries, where,...
Patents
Numerous patents have been taken out in the field of dishwashing detergents; the main ones are listed in the bibliography:
Colgate Palmolive
Contact
The authors can be contacted at the following addresses:
M me Véronique Nardello-Rataj :
M r Louis Ho Tan Taï :
...
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