8. Conclusions
In addition to the problems associated with the accumulation of soluble organic and inorganic compounds, the technological challenges of reusing process water as a substitute for clean water are considerable. Despite this, papermakers have made considerable efforts in terms of sustainable development, and these efforts are continuing today, with the prospect of further reductions in specific water consumption in the future. Each paper machine is unique, and the best solution for minimizing water consumption is specific to each one. When it comes to reducing water consumption, the entire process must be taken into account, since reducing the use of clear water leads to a change in the quality of process water, which must be taken into account
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Conclusions
Bibliography
Websites
Guides for the implementation of self-monitoring and "Regular discharge monitoring". http://www.pays-de-la-loire.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/vade-mecum_autosurveillance_cle2c557f.pdf
Standards and norms
- Water quality: determination of suspended solids – Glass fiber filtration method - NF EN 872 AFNOR -
- Qualité de l'eau : détermination de la demande chimique en oxygène (DCO) - NF T 90-101 AFNOR -
- Qualité de l'eau : détermination de la demande biologique en oxygène après 5 jours (DBO5) - NF EN 1899-1 AFNOR -
- Water quality – Kjeldahl nitrogen determination – Method after selenium mineralization...
Regulations
Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions, known as the "IED Directive".
Directive 2008/1/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC).
Decree of April 3, 2000 concerning the paper industry.
Circular dated May 16, 2007: updating of prefectoral decrees authorizing the operation of installations covered by headings 2430 and/or 2440...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
PETAX filter http://www.kadant.com/fr/
ALGAS microfilter http://algas.no/
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