Overview
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ABSTRACT
For the preservation of human health and the environment, treatment of gaseous emissions due to human activities is necessary. Target pollutants are generally present at low concentrations and in complex mixtures in air or other gases. This article presents and discusses dust, aerosols (liquid or solid), pollens, metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, etc.), sulfur oxides (SO2, SO3), nitrogen oxides (NO, N2O, NO2) carbon oxides (CO, CO2), acid gases and/or aerosols (HCl, HF, H2SO4, HNO3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), odorous substances, ozone (O3), dioxins and furans in terms of regulations and specific treatment processes. Some treatments that are emerging or under industrial development are also presented.
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Pierre LE CLOIREC: University Professor - Director, ENSCR, École nationale supérieure de chimie de Rennes, France
INTRODUCTION
Protecting human health and the environment means controlling air quality. Indeed, global warming due to the greenhouse effect, or more precisely the recurring example of ozone levels in our cities, has prompted us to take action to reduce the atmospheric pollution generated by human activities. The world conferences of the 1990s enabled public authorities to become aware of the problems and to ratify international treaties for a drastic reduction in the discharge of gaseous atmospheric pollutants. At the end of 2015, the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reminds us of the importance of a reasoned relationship between human activities and our environment.
Various international commitments have been translated into European directives, which in turn have been transposed into French law in the form of decrees. These regulatory obligations must not blind us to the need to take a more proactive approach to reducing air pollution in order to protect human health, particularly that of the most sensitive individuals. Over and above the toxicity of emissions, we also need to integrate the notion of comfort by eliminating the nuisances caused by air pollution, for a better quality of life.
This article provides an overview of processes for treating industrial gaseous emissions. It is divided into five sections, presenting the pollutants involved, regulations, the main pollution control technologies available, industrial applications specific to the main classes of pollutants, and a few emerging processes or those currently under development.
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KEYWORDS
dust | metals | acid gas
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Pollution control processes for industrial gaseous emissions
Bibliography
- (1) - CITEPA - Centre Interprofessionnel techniques d'études de la pollution atmosphérique, inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques en France. - CITEPA/CORALIE/Format SECTEN, mise à jour février 2004 (2004) http://www.citepa.org
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Databases
Ministry of Sustainable Development and Energy http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Bases-de-donnees,20745.html
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) http://www3.epa.gov/enviro/facts/
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Websites
ADEME – French Environment and Energy Management Agency http://www.ademe.fr/
CITEPA – Centre interprofessionnel technique d'études de la pollution atmosphérique http://www.citepa.org/fr/
Events
Pollutec –, the international trade show for environmental equipment, technologies and services, is held alternately in Lyon (even-numbered years) and Paris (odd-numbered years).
Regulations
http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/fr/index.htm
Decree of April 20, 1994 Official Journal of May 8, 1994 concerning the classification, packaging and labeling of hazardous substances.
Law no. 96-1236...
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