Overview
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ABSTRACT
There is no universal device allowing the determination of high pressure phase equilibria under pressure whatever the pressures or temperatures, or the nature of the compounds (viscous, toxic, corrosive ...). On the contrary many devices have been designed for specific applications. They have advantages and disadvantages that will be examined herein. À classification, followed by comparisons, is given separating the closed-circuit methods and the open-circuit methods. The methods of the second type are the subject of another article in Techniques de l´Ingénieur [J1031].
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Dominique RICHON: Former Director of Research at MINES ParisTech - Former Head of the Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria Laboratory (TEP) at MINES ParisTech - Otto Mønsted Professor, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark - Part-time professor at the University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa - Finland Distinguished Professor, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
INTRODUCTION
Observation and the acquisition of information enable us to get to know our real world, to quantify the phenomena that surround us and to explain them. It's also an opportunity to open the door to discovery and innovation. So a good "designer-experimenter" has a role of prime importance of which he or she should be proud, because it is necessary and indispensable if we are to progress.
Using the results obtained through experimentation, it's natural and useful to try and develop a theory, the so-called "fundamental" approach. However, in the first instance, the difficulty of satisfying human needs may be such that we have to make do with more or less empirical approaches, known as "applied" approaches, with the adjustment of parameters for particular systems with a view to a short-term industrial purpose. Secondly, good experimental data is always there for theorists to improve existing models or obtain new ones. Numerous citations in favor of experimental work can be found at: http://www.drichon.wix.com/thermoadvices .
These remarks apply to all fields. In process engineering, we are generally concerned with more or less complex mixtures of chemicals. In such mixtures, deviations from ideality are often far from negligible, and become increasingly important as compounds become more disparate and pressure and temperature conditions more extreme. Phase equilibrium data form the basis for the design and optimization of separation processes, such as distillation, which relies on the distribution of compounds between phases.
Since experimental data, particularly phase equilibrium data, are the fundamental cradle for the development of thermodynamic models and industrial processes, we will focus here on obtaining them. A critical review of the various methods is offered, following a few preliminary remarks.
In this dossier [J 1 030] we deal with closed-circuit methods, where the mixture remains in the equilibration section consisting of the equilibration cell and the circulation tubing (recirculation), all at equilibration temperature. In the following
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KEYWORDS
experimental techniques | | phase equilibria | | | sampling |
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Measuring phase equilibria under pressure
Bibliography
Websites
ThermoData Engine (TDE). Expert Thermodynamic Data Correlation, Evaluation, and Prediction http://www.trc.nist.gov/tde.html
Dominique Richon's personal page http://www.drichon.wix.com/thermoadvices
Thermophysical Data...
Patents
WO2004090508 (A2) – 2004-10-21 – Method and device for taking micro-samples of a pressurised fluid held in a container ; Richon (D.) [FR] – (ARMINES Association pour la Recherche et le développement de méthodes et processus industriels, Association loi de 1901 [FR])
PCT FR 04000803, FR 2 853 414 – A1 – 2003-04-01 – Method and device for taking micro-samples of a pressurized fluid contained in a container;...
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