Overview
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ABSTRACT
This paper is continuation of the description of high pressure equipment for Phase equilibrium measurements initiated in the review « Techniques de l´Ingénieur » with the following paper entitled : "Mesure des Équilibres de Phases sous Pression. I – Méthodes en Circuit Fermé". It addresses the various open circuit methods and presents them through a critical description way.
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Dominique RICHON: Former Director of Research at MINES ParisTech - Former head of the Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria Laboratory (TEP) at MINES ParisTech - Otto Mønsted Professor, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark - Part-time professor at the University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa - Finland Distinguished Professor, Aalto University, Aalto Finland
INTRODUCTION
Since many processes are carried out at high pressures, it is essential to know how phases behave under these conditions. It is well known that pressure is one of the state variables conditioning thermodynamic equilibrium, and hence the composition of the phases present. As we saw in the
Nowadays, process design relies on simulators fed by thermodynamic equilibrium data, which must be as reliable and accurate as possible. Indeed, for delicate separations, with separation factors close to 1, even a slight inaccuracy in the equilibrium data can lead to serious design faults, with extreme impact on both the economics and specifications of the end products.
Although predictive numerical methods have made considerable progress, the time is still far off when they will be able to replace experimental determinations (see the quotations available on our website: http://www.drichon.wix.com/thermoadvices ). So, for the time being, we still have to rely on experimental work to provide data to theorists in charge of developing models and to industrialists in charge of designing their processes based on simulators. There is thus a synergy to be nurtured between experimenters, theorists and end-users, for example within the framework of an international network to be built up as a matter of priority. The end-user uses a simulator containing models developed and adapted by theorists using thermodynamic data from experiments.
Numerous experimental methods are described in the literature, each with its own advantages, disadvantages and specific details. We distinguish between closed-circuit methods (mixture contained in an equilibrium cell), cf.
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KEYWORDS
experimental techniques | | sampling |
This article is included in
Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Measuring phase equilibria under pressure
Bibliography
Websites
ThermoData Engine (TDE). Expert Thermodynamic Data Correlation, Evaluation, and Prediction http://www.trc.nist.gov/tde.html
Dominique Richon's personal page http://www.drichon.wix.com/thermoadvices
Thermophysical Data...
Patents
WO 2004090508 (A2) – 2004-10-21 – Method and device for taking micro-samples of a pressurised fluid held in a container ; Richon Dominique [FR] – (ARMINES Association pour la Recherche et le développement de méthodes et processus industriels, Association loi de 1901 [FR])
PCT FR 04000803, FR 2 853 414 – A1 – 2003-04-01 – Method and device for taking micro-samples of a pressurized fluid contained in...
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