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2. Processes in use
2.1 Physical process
Dilution is the process of obtaining a final concentration that is lower than the initial concentration by mixing a polluted water mass with an unpolluted water mass. Pumping and injection wells lead to dilution phenomena of anthropogenic origin. The infiltration of meteoric waters can be considered as a dilution phenomenon of the gaseous pollution plume at the source zone and of the polluted water mass at the pollution plume (contaminated zones).
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Processes in use
Modeling and forecasting plume evolution
Bibliography
Software tools
PHAST – A Computer Program for Simulating Groundwater Flow, Solute Transport, and Multicomponent Geochemical Reactions http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled /phast/index.html
PHT3D http://www.pht3d.org
...Websites
ADEME – French Environment and Energy Management Agency http://www2.ademe.fr
including
Natural attenuation of aliphatic organochlorine compounds in aquifers, methodological guide, R Macaoh program (2001-2006). http://www2.ademe.fr/servlet/getDoc?sort=1=96=3=51390=...
Events
Intersol, the international congress and exhibition on soil, sediment and water, is held in Paris every year at the end of March. http://www.intersol.fr
Contaminated Site Management in Europe Congress, held every year in a European city at the end of November. http://www.redoxtech.com
...Standards and norms
- Soil quality – Services relating to polluted sites and soils (studies, engineering, rehabilitation of polluted sites and remediation work)" - NF-X-31-620-2 -
- Soil quality – Pollution detection and characterization methods – Groundwater sampling in a borehole - NF-X-31-615 - 12-00
Regulations
MEEDDAT, 2007. Note ministérielle. Polluted sites and soils – Management and redevelopment of polluted sites New Ministry texts on preventing soil pollution and managing polluted soils in France – Appendix 2: Management and redevelopment of polluted sites. How to identify a (potentially) polluted site. Comment gérer un problème de site pollué, February 2007.
Directory
Companies
A number of companies in France practice natural attenuation treatment. These include the Union des Professionnels de la Dépollution des Sites (Union of Site Remediation Professionals), which is the trade association for professionals in the polluted sites and soils sector. http://www.upds.org/
Organizations
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