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6. Conclusion and outlook
After many years of experimentation in North America and various trials in Europe, natural attenuation now seems to be a mature management technique, with the release of the ATTENA project guides in particular. As pointed out in this article, but also in many other projects, the procedure for certifying that a site can be managed using natural attenuation is often quite complex. In fact, it is necessary to demonstrate that pollution will not reach site-specific receptors over a period of several decades.
The tools are necessarily multiple: they involve on-site measurements of electron donors and acceptors, monitoring of pollutant evolution and often the use of microcosms, analytical or numerical models and isotopic measurements. In other words, the aim is to eliminate most of the uncertainties surrounding the conceptual design, and to be able to certify that it...
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Conclusion and outlook
Bibliography
Software tools
PHAST – A Computer Program for Simulating Groundwater Flow, Solute Transport, and Multicomponent Geochemical Reactions http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled /phast/index.html
PHT3D http://www.pht3d.org
...Websites
ADEME – French Environment and Energy Management Agency http://www2.ademe.fr
including
Natural attenuation of aliphatic organochlorine compounds in aquifers, methodological guide, R Macaoh program (2001-2006). http://www2.ademe.fr/servlet/getDoc?sort=1=96=3=51390=...
Events
Intersol, the international congress and exhibition on soil, sediment and water, is held in Paris every year at the end of March. http://www.intersol.fr
Contaminated Site Management in Europe Congress, held every year in a European city at the end of November. http://www.redoxtech.com
...Standards and norms
- Soil quality – Services relating to polluted sites and soils (studies, engineering, rehabilitation of polluted sites and remediation work)" - NF-X-31-620-2 -
- Soil quality – Pollution detection and characterization methods – Groundwater sampling in a borehole - NF-X-31-615 - 12-00
Regulations
MEEDDAT, 2007. Note ministérielle. Polluted sites and soils – Management and redevelopment of polluted sites New Ministry texts on preventing soil pollution and managing polluted soils in France – Appendix 2: Management and redevelopment of polluted sites. How to identify a (potentially) polluted site. Comment gérer un problème de site pollué, February 2007.
Directory
Companies
A number of companies in France practice natural attenuation treatment. These include the Union des Professionnels de la Dépollution des Sites (Union of Site Remediation Professionals), which is the trade association for professionals in the polluted sites and soils sector. http://www.upds.org/
Organizations
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