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1. Georadar principle and soil propagation
1.1 Principles
Georadar (or geological radar) is one of a number of geophysical methods (seismic, electrical, magnetic, gravimetric, etc.) capable of providing information on the distribution, nature and composition of the materials making up the earth's subsoil. Georadar is based on the interpretation of signals detected in reflection or transmission following their propagation in the subsoil (figure 1 ). Signal patterns are intrinsically linked to contrasts in electrical permittivity and conductivity in a medium with particularly heterogeneous, attenuating and dispersive properties....
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Georadar principle and soil propagation
Prospecting strategy
Bibliography
Scientific journals and newspapers
Journals of the AGU, American Geophysical Union (Geophysics...) http://www.agu.org/
Journals of the EAGE, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers (Near Surface, Geophysical Prospecting...) http://www.eage.org/
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Software tools
GPRMax http://www.gprmax.com/
REFLEXW http://www.sandmeier-geo.de/index.html
EMPIRE (IMST) http://www.empire.de/
Websites
Georadar course http://phineas.u-strasbg.fr/marquis/Enseignement/Public/Master/Radar.ppt
General information on georadar http://clu-in.org/char/technologies/gpr.cfm
Events
International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), held every two years (last in 2016)
International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR), held every two years (last in June 2015).
Standards and norms
- Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) ; Short Range Devices (SRD) ; Ground- and Wall-Probing Radar applications ; Part 1 : Technical characteristics and test methods - ETSI EN 302 066-1 -
- Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) ; Short Range Devices (SRD) ; Ground- and Wall-Probing Radar applications ; Part 2 : Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R Directive -...
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Manufacturers – Suppliers
The four main industrial manufacturers of surface georadar are GSSI in the USA (SIR10 (1990), SIR20 (2001), SIR2000 (1998), SIR3000 (2002), Profiler (2007) systems), Sensors & Software in Canada (RAMAC/GPR system), Mala in Sweden (pulseEKKO PRO system) and IDS in Italy (RIS system). They sell complete radar systems in the [15 MHz; 2.5 GHz] band for GSSI, in the [12.5 MHz; 1.2 GHz] band...
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