Evolution of the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless networks

WiFi networks, as they are often called by users, have invaded both private and public spaces. With the arrival of multiservice boxes, private individuals - or at least the most recently equipped ones - now have WiFi access. A large number of companies, as well as universities and public institutions, have equipped themselves with a WiFi network. They enable employees to be easily connected without having to stay in their offices, but also to easily provide a network connection to visitors. Railway stations, airports and hotels also offer travelers free WiFi access (which is becoming increasingly rare) or access for a fee.

Behind the term – WiFi – lies an important standard that has revolutionized wireless access to data networks. This standard, known as IEEE 802.11, was devised by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and defines the physical and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers for wireless LANs. Speaking in the past tense is a bit of an overstatement, as this standard is constantly evolving. If you're currently looking for an IEEE 802.11 wireless card, you'll have to choose between 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g or even 802.11n. The little letter after 802.11 is important, as it corresponds to different amendments of the IEEE 802.11 standard, and implies wireless access with specific characteristics.

The aim of this article is to provide an update on the evolution of the IEEE 802.11 standard. Some amendments will be described in more detail. Some of the work of the IEEE 802.11 working group, which is in progress but has not yet resulted in an amendment, will also be discussed.