1. Ceramics and glass

1.1 General

The generic terms "ceramics" and "glass" not only refer to specific compositions, or to a "crystalline" or "amorphous" character, but, whatever the material in question, they essentially refer to the technologies used to make objects.

Ceramics

Ceramics are objects produced by a technology involving the shaping of a powdery crystalline material at room temperature. Then, a high-temperature cycle, called firing or sintering, transforms the "raw" ceramic into a dense or porous "fired" ceramic, mainly composed of one or more materials in crystallized form. It is during this thermal cycle that the ceramic densifies, creating a microstructure of grains and grain boundaries.

The properties,...

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Ceramics and glass

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Properties of ceramic and glass objects

Bibliography

(1) - HAUSSONNE (J.-M.), CARRY (C.), BOWEN (P.), BARTON (J.) - Céramiques et verres, principes et techniques d'élaboration (traité des matériaux volume 16) - . Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes (PPUR) (2005).
(2) - GERL (M.), ISSI...

Standards and norms

Conditions normales à observer avant et pendant les essais de matériaux isolants électriques solides - EN 60212 -
Electrical insulating materials. Thermal endurance properties. Part 1: Aging methods and evaluation of test results Part 2: Determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical insulating materials. – Selection of test criteria Part 3: Instructions for calculating thermal endurance characteristics...

Regulations

REACH Directive : Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 18, 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives...