5. Fixed submerged culture beds (biofilters)

5.1 Theoretical background on fluid flow in porous media

The passage of water through a porous material results in significant energy dissipation.

Hydraulic pressure drop

The resulting hydraulic head loss is usually measured in water head and depends on many factors, such as water flow velocity, fluid viscosity and the permeability of the filter material. In 1856, Henry Darcy discovered the relationship between water flow velocity and the pressure gradient imposed on either side of the porous material. His research led to the formulation of Darcy's Law, a tool for calculating pressure drop during the slow flow of a fluid through a porous medium that is homogeneous and isotropic, as illustrated in equation 1....

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Fixed submerged culture beds (biofilters)

(1) - EL HACHMI (A.) - Argile et minéraux argileux : propriétés physico-chimiques et propriétés et propriétés colloïdes. - Université Abdelmalek Essaadi – Master fondamentale Chimie (2013).
(2) - Agence de l'Eau Rhin-Meuse - Procédés d'épuration des...

Ateliers d'Occitanie – Wastewater and effluent treatment

Eaufrance – The public water information service

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Wastewater treatment plants – Part 1: General principles of construction: specifies the general principles of design, construction and installation of technical equipment for wastewater treatment plants. - NF EN 12255-1 - avril 2002
Wastewater treatment plants – Part 3: Pretreatments: specifies applications, procedures and performance requirements for raw wastewater pretreatments. - NF EN 12255-3 - avril 2001