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ABSTRACT
After an overview of binders used in their manufacture, wood-based materials are reviewed: materials derived from sawn wood (glulam, cross-laminated timber), rotary peeled veneers (plywood, laminated veneer lumber), and crushed or ripped wood (particle boards, oriented strand boards, fiberboards, medium density fiberboards). Definition, manufacturing, classification and certification are included in this article. In conclusion, the materials are classified according to their use and some environmental and regulatory aspects.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Marie-Christine TROUY-TRIBOULOT: Engineer, Doctor of Henri-Poincaré University, Nancy 1 – Graduate in fundamental xylology, Paris VI - Senior lecturer at ENSTIB (École nationale supérieure des technologies et industries du bois)
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Daniel MASSON: Master of Chemistry-Physics, Doctor of Science - Professor emeritus at ENSTIB, École nationale supérieure des technologies et industries du bois - Article updated by Marie-Christine TROUY
INTRODUCTION
From time immemorial, people have sought to assemble wooden components to make furniture or musical instruments, for example, but the industrial development of wood-based materials dates back to the end of the 19th century with the appearance of plywood. The initial aim in developing this product was to obtain large, thin elements with more homogeneous properties than wood.
This need still exists, but other demands have emerged, leading to the appearance of new materials throughout the 20th century: low cost (particleboard), machinability (MDF), improved technical characteristics compared to wood (glulam, LVL, CLT...), surface resistance (laminates), aesthetic properties (decorative papers).
Wood-based materials have taken on considerable importance in all areas of the timber industry. They are indispensable in the construction industry, where they can be used to create structures that solid wood cannot (long spans, curved shapes, lightness, etc.). Today, cross-laminated timber (CLT) can be used to build skyscrapers.
The use of glued elements contributes to improving the properties of industrial wood joinery (dimensional stability) and reducing costs. Panels form the basis of a furniture industry that has become considerably more democratic. Upstream, the particleboard industry offers an economically indispensable outlet for sawmill by-products.
Finally, all wood-based reconstituted materials contribute to a more rational use of forest resources by providing outlets for small and/or low-quality wood.
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KEYWORDS
ISO/IEC standard | regulation | wood | adhesives | building materials | Wood processing | wood building | sustainable building
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Wood-based materials
Binders
Bibliography
Standards and norms
Glues and adhesives
- Adhesives – Terms and definitions. - NF EN 923 - (2016)
- Wood-based panels – Determination of formaldehyde release – Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by chamber method. - NF EN 717-1 - (2005)
- Wood-based panels – Determination of formaldehyde release – Part 3: jar method. - NF EN 717-3 - (1996)
- Wood-based panels – Determination of formaldehyde release – Part 3: Gas...
Regulations
Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998 concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market.
Council Directive 1999/13/EC of March 11, 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations.
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament...
Reference systems
On the FCBA website
General operating rules for NF certification by FCBA
CTB-Structural Wood Elements Standard
CTB-Lca standard
CTB Process Panels standard
CTB AIR+ standard
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
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Haas Weisrock (glulam)
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Mathis (glulam)
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Ducerf (glued-laminated panels and...
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