Overview
ABSTRACT
"Warping" is the name given to the phenomenon observed when an initially flat plate is subjected to stresses strictly occurring in its plane which are likely to alter its configuration. this phenomenon occurs when stress has reached a critical point, thus impacting the bearing capacity. This article presents, on the one hand, the ground principles ruling the transverse flexure and warping of plates and, on the other hand, the...which constitute from now on the basis of normative clauses. Special attention is also paid to matters which have been recently developed in compliance with the Eurocode 3 verification rules concerning warping.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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René MAQUOI: Professor Emeritus, University of Liège - Civil construction engineer
INTRODUCTION
Any structural element of the "plate" type, initially flat and subjected to forces acting strictly in its plane, is likely to leave this configuration and bend transversely when the load induces compressive stresses in all or part of the plate. This phenomenon, known as "buckling", occurs when the load reaches a critical threshold and governs the load-bearing capacity. The higher a plate's slenderness, measured by its width/thickness ratio, the more likely it is to buckle.
The compression that causes this instability results either from the direct action of a normal stress distribution, or from the compression component of the principal stresses when the plate is loaded in shear.
The load-bearing capacity of a plate is influenced by geometric imperfections (unevenness), structural imperfections (residual stresses) and the yield strength of the constituent material. Imperfections play an unfavorable role.
The present dossier introduces the basic principles governing transverse bending and buckling of plates, as well as the failure models which now form the basis of normative clauses.
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Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures – Part 1-5: Plated structural elements. European Standard, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels. - EN 1993-1-5 - Octobre 2006
- Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures: General rules and rules for buildings. CEN, Brussels. - ENV 1993-1-1 - April 1992
- JRC Ispra and ECCS-CECM-EKS, Brussels, 1ère éd., October 2007 (document freely downloadable from http://eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu)....
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