Overview
FrançaisABSTRACT
The lighting of cities provides safety for people, protection of property ,and esthetic enhancement. "Light need" is specified by lighting schemes that define lighting installations based on standards and environmental and economic requirements. The best available technologies offer solutions to renew and manage lighting installations for sustainability and energy efficiency in the form of new generation equipment and LED lighting systems. Rather than switching of lights in the middle of the night, new light-dimming systems can manage the night-time city lightscape and shape a new urban dimension.
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Bernard DUVAL: Expert of the AFNOR X90X Committee – Light and lighting - AFE expert
INTRODUCTION
Lighting is a major factor in ensuring the safety of people and property in our cities. Seeing and being seen is a necessity that translates into lighting requirements; they are described in terms of visual perception to enable people to move around at night and reduce feelings of insecurity. In addition, urban lighting in all its forms (street lighting, squares, parks and gardens, illuminations and landscape and heritage enhancement) must be seen by political decision-makers as a factor in enhancing the environment and a marker of the city's night-time image in its societal, cultural and economic dimensions.
"Lighting the right way" is the criterion that must drive the various actions of the economic players involved in city lighting: contracting authorities, lighting designers, managers and operators, installers and suppliers of lighting and energy equipment all need to focus on controlling urban lighting to make it sustainable and efficient in terms of operating costs and energy expenditure.
The urban lighting project helps define the lighting installation in its various components (lamps, luminaires, fittings) to meet the "lighting needs" of users. This project is based on lighting standards, which define the quantity and quality of light required. Environmental concerns (energy, limiting nuisance) are now also taken into account, so that night-time ambiences can be enhanced in economically acceptable conditions. The concepts of master lighting plan and master scheme take into account a global vision of the city, and contribute to the establishment of a lighting urbanism that will accompany future developments in the city.
New technologies (new-generation discharge lamps, LED lighting systems) offer solutions for renovating aging lighting systems that are expensive to maintain. While turning off city lights in the middle of the night is a factor of insecurity, management systems help to maintain dynamic lighting that ensures the control of movement and the perception of night-time atmospheres over time.
Readers will find a list of technical terms in the glossary at the end of this article.
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KEYWORDS
energy | light | lighting/displays | energy efficiency | regulation | light pollution | lighting | urban lighting | street lighting
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Urban lighting
Bibliography
Books, articles, symposium proceedings
Software tools
Lighting project – Street lighting calculation software
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Dialux
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Relux
Websites
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Ademe
French Environment and Energy Management Agency
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AFE – French Lighting Association
Events
National Day of Light organized every even-numbered year by AFE.
Standards
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Photometry
- Light and lighting – Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements. - NF EN 12665 - Septembre 2011
- Mesure et présentation des données photométriques des lampes et des luminaires. - NF EN 13032-1 - Mai 2012
- Measurement and presentation of photometric data for lamps and luminaires – Part 4: LED lamps, modules and luminaires. - NF EN 13032-4...
Regulations
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Article L 2212-2 of the General Code of Local Authorities
Mention of the scope of the mayor's police powers: "The purpose of the municipal police is to ensure good order, safety, security and public health. This includes in particular: all matters concerning the safety and convenience of passage in streets, quays, squares and public thoroughfares, including cleaning, lighting...
Directory
Laboratories – Research centers – Universities – Education
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Cerema – Centre d'études et d'expertise sur les risques, l'environnement, la mobilité et l'aménagement
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Center de formation professionnelle en éclairage CFPE – Lux
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