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1. Evolution of automobile engines
1880-1930
In 1867, Nikolaus Otto produced the first real four-stroke engine, and at the same time three men gave the necessary maps for electric traction: Gaston Planté in 1859 offered the first lead accumulator, Zénobe Gramme in 1869 the first electric generator called the dynamo, and Hyppolyte Fontaine in 1873 the electric motor derived from the dynamo.
In 1895, thermal and electric traction went head-to-head in the Paris-Bordeaux-Paris raid, a challenge to all car manufacturers to prove the reliability of their vehicles over a distance of 1,178 km. The drivers of the thirty-nine machines included Emile Levassor, the Michelin brothers and Jules Albert Denion for thermal traction, and Charles Jeantaud for electric traction, with a prototype weighing 1,200 kg and batteries...
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Evolution of automobile engines
The evolution of automotive air conditioning
Bibliography
Bibliography
Websites
Is the new air-conditioning gas really dangerous? – CNET – 01/17/2012 http://www.cnetfrance.fr/cartech/gaz-climatisation-1234yf-danger-inflammable-39767582.htm
The refrigerant gas that's igniting the automotive sector – L'Usine Nouvelle – August 27, 2013
Events
Show: Mondial de l'Automobile, held every two years in Paris (even-numbered years) https://www.mondial-automobile.com/visiteurs/
Patents
Evaporator
US5137082 – Plate-type refrigerant evaporator
US 20050045314 – Aluminum heat exchanger and method of making thereof
US20050247443 – Header pipe evaporator for use in an automobile
US 20080314575 – Parallel flow evaporator
Condenser
US 6209202 – Folded tube for a heat exchanger...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Equipment manufacturer
DENSO https://www.denso.com/global/en/products-and-services/oem/air-conditioner-for-passenger-vehicles/
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