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ABSTRACT
The thermochemical pathway is used to obtain second-generation biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. The indirect thermochemical route starts with a first stage of pretreatment of the biomass, which is then transformed into synthesis gas by partial oxidation in a gasification unit. This synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) is then conditioned and cleaned up to meet the specifications for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, which produces liquid hydrocarbons. The last step in this process chain is the upgrading of the hydrocarbon effluents to adjust the properties. The main end products are high quality kerosene and diesel fuel; these products do not contain sulfur or aromatics, and can readily supplement or replace fossil fuels.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Laurent BOURNAY: Engineer from the École nationale supérieure des arts et métiers (ENSAM) and the École nationale supérieure du pétrole et des moteurs (ENSPM) - B-XTL Project Manager – IFP Énergies nouvelles
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Jean-Philippe HERAUD: Engineer from the École supérieure de chimie organique et minérale (ESCOM) and the École nationale supérieure du pétrole et des moteurs (ENSPM) - Fischer-Tropsch project manager – IFP Énergies nouvelles
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Anne-Claire PIERRON: Engineer from École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques (ENSIC) - Process engineering research engineer – IFP Énergies nouvelles
INTRODUCTION
Field: Transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into synthetic fuel (Biomass To Liquids or BTL chain)
Degree of technology diffusion: Emergence | Growth | Maturity
Technologies involved: Torrefaction, gasification, Water-Gas-Shift, gas deacidification, purification, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
Applications: Production of second-generation biofuels
Main French players :
Competitive clusters :
Competence centers: CEA 2 , IFP Énergies nouvelles
Manufacturers: Axens, Total, Avril, Air Liquide
Other global players: ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions, UPM, KIT (Karlsruhe Institute for Technology) Lurgi, Siemens, Linde (Choren), Chemrec
Contact: http://www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.fr
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KEYWORDS
thermochemistry | Biofuel | gasification | BTL | Fischer-Tropsch | syngas
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Thermochemical production of biokerosene and biodiesel
Introduction and background
Bibliography
Regulations
RED (Renewable Energy Directive) 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 23, 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
FQD (Fuel Quality Directive) 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 23, 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol,...
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