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9. Conclusion
For the time being, offshore oil production appears to be out of the game between conventional and shale oil production. However, the lack of investment in the offshore sector is hampering production, and should therefore mechanically reduce crude oil sales in the medium term.
A 10% reduction in offshore production is of the same order as shale oil capacity in the USA. Yet shale oil production could also eventually reach its environmental limits.
We can therefore assume that offshore oil will find its place again. The question is when. The major disadvantages of offshore developments compared to shale oil developments are the time required to implement them (5 to 8 years) and the size of the investment.
One positive sign, however, is the launch of the Mad Dog project. II in the...
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Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Websites
ALLSEAS Entrepreneur Offshore International http://allseas.com
COLORADO CENTER FOR ASTRODYNAMIC RESEARCH. University of Colorado at Boulder, Ocean Space Observations http://www.ccar.colorado.edu
Events
ISOPE Annual conference of the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. Around a thousand papers are presented each year. These papers are peer-reviewed. http://www.isope.org
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, Exhibition and conference held in Houston every year during the first week of May. Over 100,000 people attended in 2014....
Standards and norms
The list below is only a very small sample, arbitrarily limited to those mentioned in the article.
- Production Facilities on Offshore structures - API RP 2G - 1974
- Specification for Oil and Gas Separators - API Spec 12J - 2008
- Design, Construction, Operation, and maintenance of offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limit State design) - API RP 1111 - 2015
- Standard Practice for...
Regulations
SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea, London, IMO (International Maritime Organization)
UNCLOS United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
See Companies Directory 2016 published by EVOLEN http://www.evolen.org
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
EVOLEN, La Défense, France http://www.evolen.org
...Software tools
MOSES integrated offshore simulation software https://www.bentley.com
Orcaflex offshore structures simulation software, well suited to the simulation of marine operations https://www.orcina.com
Flexcom offshore structures simulation software,...
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