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18. Conclusion
This article has shown that France was concerned very early on about its dependence on fossil fuels and energy in general. It was a forerunner in implementing measures to reduce its energy consumption, particularly in industry, through the creation of a dedicated energy-saving agency (the Agence pour les économies d'énergie, then the Agence française pour la maîtrise de l'énergie, and lastly the Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie), incentive programs, competent personnel and budgetary resources (admittedly insufficient for the latter 3 in view of the objectives to be achieved and the missions to be fulfilled).
The monitoring carried out at national level shows that the objectives of reducing energy intensity and consumption have been partially achieved, but that there are still efforts to be made and many actions to be taken.
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Acronyms, notations and symbols
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Document normatif français et traduit en anglais : Référentiel de bonnes pratiques du diagnostic énergétique dans l'industrie - AFNOR BP X 30 120 - 2006
- Audit énergétique : l'audit énergétique parties 1 à 5, de 2012 à 2015 - NF EN 16247 -
- Energy metering and monitoring plan – Design and implementation – Principle of energy data collection – Energy measurement and monitoring plan – Design and implementation...
Regulations
Law n° 2005-781 of July 13, 2005 on energy policy (Loi POPE)
Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions (known as "IED") adopted in 2010 (recast of Directive 2008/1/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, known as IPPC, from 2008)
Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 25, 2012 on energy efficiency
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Public bodies
Public body responsible for implementing the energy transition – Ademe http://www.ademe.fr
Public Investment Bank – Bpifrance http://www.bpifrance.fr
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