3. Downstream cycle
Once electricity has been generated, the fuel discharged from the reactors, which has become highly irradiating, is temporarily stored underwater, in pools, to ensure the decay of short-lived fission products. The subsequent stages in the management of this spent fuel depend on national policies, and differ according to whether the country has opted for "recycling" or an "open cycle".
3.1 Cycle without spent fuel treatment (open cycle)
The open cycle implies no intention to recycle materials. Downstream operations are simplified, since the spent fuel is considered as waste and is destined for storage as is, in a container in a deep geological formation. The first phase, which will last several decades, consists of storage with cooling in a pool or with dry...
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Downstream cycle
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