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ABSTRACT
The energy conversion between the drive shaft and the fluid in a turbomachine is derived from the laws of mechanics. The main purpose of this article is to establish the fundamental equation of turbomachinery. This relationship gives, according to the kinematic characteristics, the work exchanged by a fluid flow with a rotor equipped with blades rotating uniformly around the axis of the machine. Assuming flow stationarity, the flow in a channel of a stator and a rotor, the law of moment of momentum for relative flows, and the work exchanged between the fluid and the rotor are presented.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Michel PLUVIOSE: Honorary Professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), - Paris, France
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Christelle PÉRILHON: Senior Lecturer, HDR - CMGPCE, CNAM Turbomachinery Chair, Paris, France
INTRODUCTION
When energy is converted between the fluid and the power transmission shaft of a turbomachine, the main subject of this article, the energy is conserved, but it changes form and degrades.
All presentations concerning turbomachinery assume that the flow is permanent in both fixed and moving parts; there is currently no other way of reasoning. However, it is obvious that the internal flow is chopped when moving blades pass behind fixed blades, and vice versa. This contradiction will be discussed.
Assuming, therefore, as a first approximation, that flow is permanent inside a turbomachine. The mechanical relations established with this assumption are therefore applicable. The main purpose of this article is to establish Euler's fundamental equation for turbomachinery, based on the momentum theorem derived from mechanics.
This article is part of a series devoted to turbomachinery:
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KEYWORDS
flow | Coriolis | Euler | mechanic energy
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Turbomachinery
Continuous flow in a fixed channel
Bibliography
Websites
Profluid :
French association for pumps, mixers, compressors and valves
Standards
AFNOR standards : https://www.boutique.afnor.org/norme/
- Centrifugal pumps with axial suction PN10 with support under pump casing – Nominal operating point, main dimensions, designation system. - NF EN 733 - août 1995
- Technical specifications for centrifugal pumps – Class II. - NF EN ISO 5199 - mai 2002
- Pompes...
Laboratories – Design offices – Schools – Research centers (non-exhaustive list)
CNAM (Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers) Turbomachinery Chair
Appendix: Overview of unsteady effects in a turbomachine
1. Centrifugal pumps
Consider a pump impeller feeding directly into a volute casing. In order to neglect three-dimensional effects, the flow is assumed to be plane, i.e. the thickness of the flow in figure 1 is constant.
Bibliography specific to Appendix A
[a] BOULBIN (F.), KERMAREC (J.), PLUVIOSE (M.): Turbine blade forces due to partial admission, Recent advances in compressor and turbine aerothermodynamics, SFM (1992).
[b] PLUVIOSE (M.), PÉRILHON (C.), TOUSSAINT (M.): Machines à fluides, Ellipses (2002).
[c] ZACCARIA (M.), LAKSHMINARAYANA (B.): Unsteady flow field due to nozzle wake interaction with...
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