7. Operation

7.1 Stand-alone power plants

In the case of a stand-alone power plant feeding into an isolated network, frequency and voltage must be kept constant. This requires speed and voltage regulation.

Speed control can be provided by either a mechanical or an electronic controller, which operates the valve device via a cylinder or motor. Mechanical regulators are of the tachometric or accelerotachometric type. Their operating principle is based on the ball controller. In the event of strong load variations, the regulator must rapidly modify the water intake flow rate, which can lead to destructive water hammer in the pipes. This can be achieved by increasing the unit's moment of inertia, commonly referred to by hydraulic engineers as PD ^2...

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Operation

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Conclusion

Bibliography

References

(1) - GINOCCHIO (R.) - L'Énergie hydraulique - . Eyrolles (1978).
(2) - Énergie pour l'avenir : les sources d'énergie renouvelables. Livre blanc établissant une stratégie et un plan d'action communautaires - . Commission...

Installation and connection regulations

Authorizations and decrees

In France, there are two procedures, depending on the size of the work required to develop a site on a watercourse:
- authorization request for minor sites ;
- concession applications for major sites.
Numerous...

Standardization

Postes de livraison établis à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment et alimentés par un réseau de distribution publique HTA (jusqu'à 33 kV) - NF C 13-100 - avr. 2001
Installations de branchement à basse tension - NF C 14-100 - janv. 1998

...