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Article | REF: BM4166 V1

Small hydropower plants

Author: Sylvain PERRIN

Publication date: November 10, 2003

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3. Civil engineering layouts

Turbine layout depends on the site, the need to blend into the landscape, the head and the type of turbine.

Bulb groups are well suited to low-head applications, with some integration problems. Progress has been made on volumes and noise levels.

  • The two examples in figure 21 show the layout of a Francis turbine. The layout with vertical axis and negative outlet height (figure 21 a) requires an outlet cofferdam for intervention in the turbine (e.g. cleaning).

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