![](/assets/images/picto-drapeau-france-3a76576a5d60a512053b4612ab58dae5.png)
8. Conclusion
The various sections of this article have shown the technological peculiarities of PCHs, as well as their mode of operation, which sets them apart from large-scale plants. Hydropeaking or run-of-river hydropower is also a specific feature of these plants. The electromechanical converters and associated turbines remain sufficiently efficient with reasonably variable heads or flows to avoid the need for complex static variable-speed energy conversion devices. They have been designed for reliability and achieve very high efficiencies (>95%).
Finally, thanks to similarity relationships, PCHs benefit from the advances made in the design of large hydraulic machines, as well as current control and command resources: PLCs and programmable relays that facilitate their operation and optimize their energy efficiency.
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Conclusion
Bibliography
References
Installation and connection regulations
-
Authorizations and decrees
In France, there are two procedures, depending on the size of the work required to develop a site on a watercourse:
authorization request for minor sites ;
concession applications for major sites.
Numerous...
Standardization
- Postes de livraison établis à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment et alimentés par un réseau de distribution publique HTA (jusqu'à 33 kV) - NF C 13-100 - avr. 2001
- Installations de branchement à basse tension - NF C 14-100 - janv. 1998
Organizations
Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (Ademe) http://www.ademe.fr
Groupement des producteurs autonomes d'énergie hydroélectrique (GPAE) http://www.gpae.com.fr
Manufacturers (non-exhaustive list)
ESAC Énergie (Voight Siemens Hydro) http://www.eurocooIer.com/turbine.htm
Alstom Power http://www.power.alstom.com
VA Tech Hydro http://www.vatech-hydro.com
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference