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ABSTRACT
Phosphogypsum (PG) generated during the manufacture of phosphoric acid from phosphate ore is classified in certain countries as waste or even hazardous waste. It is either dumped into coastal waters or stored in stacks. It is thus poorly exploited even though the latest scientific, technical and regulatory advances concerning its management and valorization have evolved. This article presents the analysis results of a set of documents published during the period 1995-2023, relating to the physico-chemical, radiological, ecotoxic and toxic characterization of PG, to the international regulations which govern its management and valorization around the world and to the recovery and use pathways making PG a valuable co-product.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Mohamed-Razak JEDAY: Professor at the University of Gabès, Chairman and CEO of "Pol.i.tech", Gabès, Tunisia
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Elimame ELALOUI: Professor at the University of Gafsa, Tunisia
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Rachid BOUKCHINA: Professor at the University of Gabès, Tunisia
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Hatem KSIBI: Professor at the University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Nejib BEN JAMAA: Professor at the University of Gabès, Tunisia
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Jamel BOUAZIZ: Professor at the University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Karima HORCHANI-NAIFER: Professor, Director of Research at the Centre national des recherches en sciences des matériaux in Borj Cédria, Tunisia
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Hédi BEN ABDALLAH: Chemical Engineer, National Engineering School of Gabès, Tunisia
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Noureddine ABBES: Independent expert in environment and sustainable development, Tunisia
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Tahar KHOUAJA: Independent expert in environment and sustainable development, Tunisia
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Noureddine TRABELSI: Independent expert in environment and sustainable development, Tunisia
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Hassen CHEKIR: Independent expert in environment and sustainable development, Tunisia
INTRODUCTION
All industrial activities use natural resources and generate useful products and by-products. Some of these by-products are recycled back into the production chain, while a significant proportion, commonly referred to as "waste", is stored and/or discharged into the environment.
Classified by specialized international bodies as "non-hazardous waste" and "hazardous waste", the recovery of "non-hazardous waste" is increasingly attracting the interest of R&D structures, authorities and socio-economic players worldwide, for socio-economic and environmental reasons. This can also contribute to the achievement by 2030 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN), aimed in particular at ensuring food for all, sustaining economic prosperity, combating climate change and protecting the environment. These goals include, in particular, SDG no. 9 and SDG no. 12 on "Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure" and "Sustainable Consumption & Production" respectively.
In this article, we present the results of an analysis of a bibliographic database of documents (articles, patents, studies and reports, etc.), published between 1995 and 2023, dealing with the physicochemical, radiological and toxic characterization as well as the regulatory framework governing the management and valorization of phosphogypsum in the countries concerned by the problem posed by phosphogypsum.
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KEYWORDS
Regulation | Valorization | characterization | Phosphogypsum
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Phosphogypsum: from waste to valuable co-product
Description and characterization of phosphogypsum (PG)
Bibliography
- (1) - ESSAID (B.) et al - Phosphogypsum circular economy considerations : A critical review from more than 65 storage sites worldwide. - Journal of Cleaner Production 414, 137561 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137561 (2023)....
Standards and norms
- Concrete pavers – Requirements and test methods. - EN 1338 - 2003
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
International Fertilizer Association (IFA) – International Fertilizer Association :
Arab Fertilizer Association (AFA) – Arab Fertilizer Association :
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