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5. Different coupling concepts
5.1 Recycling wastewater for agricultural irrigation
Today, only 2% of the 165 billion m 3 of water collected and treated worldwide is reused. This figure is still too low, but is rising sharply, and for good reason: wastewater reuse is a highly effective way of limiting groundwater abstraction and saving an increasingly precious resource.
Membranes can be used to filter water of poor quality, enabling the removal of salts and other micropollutants from such water under given conditions. A long-term field experiment using ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for salt removal was conducted with secondary effluents, aiming to demonstrate the sustainability of agricultural production using irrigation with...
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Different coupling concepts
Conclusion
Bibliography
Websites
Seawater desalination: the changes needed to keep pace with the sector's growth/Energies and Environment http://www.energie.sia-partners.comhttp://www.lenntech.fr/
ANSES "Reuse of grey water for domestic use: a practice to be framed", published Apr. 29,...
Events
MemPro conference "Membrane integration in processes", held every three years http://wsm-cluster.fr
Regulations
Anses opinion – Collective expertise report – August 2012
Reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation, sprinkler irrigation of green spaces and road washing https://www.anses.fr
Interministerial Instruction No. DGS/EA4/DEB/DGPE/2016/135 of Apr. 26, 2016 on the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation of...
Patents
ABIDINE Nouhab patent WO 2015082855A1. Process for monitoring the integrity of filtration membranes during operation (2015).
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
WSM (Water Sensor Membrane) Cluster: an association that aims to intensify and facilitate the national and international development of companies, research laboratories and training centers working in the field of membrane and sensor technologies applied to the water sector. http://wsm-cluster.fr/
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