Article | REF: BE7005 V1

Energetic Transition. Challenges and Outlooks

Author: Alexandre ROJEY

Publication date: September 10, 2022, Review date: November 23, 2023

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ABSTRACT

The primary energy supply is still mainly provided by fossil fuels. In addition to the risks of depleting these resources which are only available in finite quantities, the world is facing the major challenge of global warming, due to greenhouse gas emissions, the main one being carbon dioxide emitted by combustion. It is therefore necessary to ensure an energy transition to low-carbon energies as soon as possible, which requires a complete transformation of the energy system. The article presents the main technologies to be deployed.

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AUTHOR

  • Alexandre ROJEY: Instructor IFP School - Former IFPEN Sustainable Development Director - Founder of the IDées think tank

 INTRODUCTION

Energy is an essential factor in economic and social development. Without energy, a city loses its means of communication, signalling, transport and heating. The progress made over the course of the XX of the century have been achieved thanks to the use of an abundant, flexible and relatively inexpensive form of energy: oil.

However, an energy transition is necessary. On the one hand, fossil fuel resources, and in particular hydrocarbons, are finite, posing a threat to future supplies, even if this threat has receded somewhat due to the production of unconventional hydrocarbons, and in particular bedrock hydrocarbons ("shale gas", as it is often referred to, is in fact bedrock gas. Bedrock hydrocarbons are produced by hydraulic fracturing). The threat of peak oil is no longer talked about, and some experts even recommend leaving a significant proportion of fossil fuel reserves in the ground to prevent them from being burnt up and contributing to climate change.

On the other hand, the environmental impact of fossil fuel consumption is becoming increasingly worrying. Indeed, global warming caused by the greenhouse gas emissions that accompany energy consumption risks having catastrophic effects for the planet as a whole, if nothing is done to prevent it. Its initial effects are becoming increasingly apparent and require an urgent response.

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KEYWORDS

global warming   |   energy storage   |   energy savings   |   renewable energies


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